OUR Articles
Book Title:
Secrets of Insider Trader: Insight, Aspects, SCAMs, and Prosecution
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About the book:
Secrets of Insider Trader: Insight, Aspects, SCAMs, and Prosecution is a profound journey into the elusive world of insider trading. Designed for astute investors and financial professionals, it unravels the complexities of market manipulation with real-world cases and regulatory comparisons between SEBI (India), SEC (U.S.), and FCA (U.K.). This book doesn’t just explain insider trading—it immerses readers in the drama of high-stakes scandals, legal battles, and regulatory strategies. Whether you’re an investor aiming to safeguard your assets or a financial expert navigating compliance, this essential read offers powerful insights into the mechanisms of market surveillance, ensuring you stay ahead in an unpredictable financial landscape.This book is forwarded by Sh. (Prof.) S.P. Baghel, Minister of State for Panchayti Raj, Govt. Of India.
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Book Title:
Key Cases on :Denial of Maintenance to Wife
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About the book:
This book is a complete compilation of more than 250 key cases adjudicated at different High Courts and by Hon’ble Supreme Court of India. It is contains not only the judgments but also the head-notes and the crux of the cases with key notes.
This book is very much helpful to law practitioners, Judges, law students, researchers, Law makers and for general public for enhancing their knowledge about the subject.
Disclaimer: Please note that neither the Author nor the contents of this book encourage any person to demand the maintenance and also does not encourage any person to deny the maintenance but its is for the purpose of enhancing the knowledge of the reader with regard to remedies available in law. The litigants or law practitioners may get the helps or benefits by this compilation to defend or to represent their case with strong preparation.
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Criminal Procedure Code (Cr. P. C.) & The Bharatiya Nagarik Surakha Sanhita (BNSS)
Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) &. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS)
Indian Evidence Act, 1872 & Bharatiya Sakshya Bill, 2023
LEGAL INSIGHT 017 | 17 OCTOBER 2026
Can an Arbitrator’s Nationality Justify Disqualification?
Russian Court to Examine Challenge to British–Russian Arbitrator
International Commercial Arbitration | UNCITRAL | Arbitrator Independence | Nationality-Based Challenges | Cross-Border Dispute Resolution
1. Introduction
The independence and impartiality of arbitrators remain indispensable principles of international commercial arbitration. However, increasing geopolitical tensions, economic sanctions and jurisdictional conflicts have introduced a complex question: can an arbitrator’s nationality, without demonstrated personal bias, provide sufficient grounds for disqualification?
A recent development before a Russian court has brought this issue into focus. A Belarusian State-owned utility has reportedly sought the disqualification of a dual British–Russian national serving as an arbitrator in an UNCITRAL arbitration initiated by an Israeli contractor. The challenge reportedly relies upon the arbitrator’s British citizenship.
LEGAL INSIGHT 016 | 16 OCTOBER 2026
CAN INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS PREVENT PAYMENT OF AN ARBITRAL AWARD TO A NON-SANCTIONED ENTITY?
EU Court of Justice Clarifies the Limits of Indirect Sanctions Exposure in a Yemeni Oil and Gas Arbitration
International Commercial Arbitration | EU Sanctions | Enforcement of Arbitral Awards | Cross-Border Dispute Resolution
DNO Yemen AS v. Petrolin Trading Limited & Others | CJEU Case C-842/24 | Judgment: 15 October 2026 | ECLI:EU:C:2026:868
1. Introduction: When Does Arbitral Enforcement Conflict with International Sanctions?
The enforcement of international arbitral awards increasingly intersects with economic sanctions, sovereign restrictions and geopolitical conflicts. A judgment delivered by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on 15 October 2026 addresses whether payment of an arbitral award to an entity that is not itself sanctioned could nevertheless violate EU restrictive measures where sanctioned persons might indirectly benefit from the funds.
LEGAL INSIGHT 015 | 15 OCTOBER 2026
CAN PRIOR STATE REPRESENTATION DISQUALIFY AN ARBITRATOR?
ICSID Upholds Challenge Against Philippe Sands in Webuild v. Argentina — Renewing the Debate on Arbitral Independence, Impartiality and Conflicts of Interest
International Investment Arbitration | Arbitrator Disqualification | Investor–State Dispute Settlement
A Significant Development in International Investment Arbitration
The independence and impartiality of arbitrators remain fundamental to the legitimacy of international investment arbitration. In a notable development, the unchallenged members of an International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) tribunal have upheld a proposal seeking the disqualification of internationally recognised arbitrator Professor Philippe Sands, KC, in Webuild S.p.A. v. Argentine Republic (ICSID Case No. ARB/26/7).
LEGAL INSIGHT 014 | 14 OCTOBER 2026
Can a Foreign Investor Claim US$460 Million When the Investment Treaty Excludes Financial Services?
Honduras Prevails in ICSID Arbitration as Tribunal Declines Jurisdiction Over Mexican Investor’s Treaty Claim
An important investor–State arbitration decision examines the limits of treaty protection, the significance of financial services exclusions, and why establishing jurisdiction is essential before an arbitral tribunal can examine allegations of expropriation or denial of justice.
Case: JLL Capital, S.A.P.I. de C.V. v. Republic of Honduras
Case No.: ICSID Case No. ARB/23/3
Forum: International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
Award: 30 September 2026
Treaty Invoked: Free Trade Agreement between Mexico and Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua
Decision: Tribunal declined jurisdiction by majority
LEGAL INSIGHT 010 | 10 OCTOBER 2026
When an Arbitration Award Does Not End the Dispute: Lessons from the Tocumen–Odebrecht Case
The Panama airport controversy highlights how successive claims, construction defects and difficulties in recovering arbitral awards can complicate international commercial dispute resolution.
The Dispute: One Infrastructure Project, Two Arbitration Claims
An arbitral award is generally intended to bring finality to a commercial dispute. However, does the conclusion of one arbitration necessarily prevent further proceedings arising from the same contractual relationship?
The continuing dispute between Tocumen International Airport in Panama and Brazilian construction group Odebrecht, subsequently operating as CNO S.A., illustrates why the answer is not always straightforward.
LEGAL INSIGHT 009 | 09 OCTOBER 2026
When Commercial Opportunity Conflicts with Contractual Obligations: The Galp–Venture Global Arbitration
An international arbitration dispute highlights why contractual milestones, commercial discretion and timely performance are critical to long-term business agreements.
The Dispute: Can Commercial Operations Be Delayed While Business Continues?
In a significant development in international commercial arbitration, an arbitral tribunal constituted under the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) framework has found that Venture Global Calcasieu Pass, LLC breached its contractual obligation to declare the Commercial Operation Date (COD) of its liquefied natural gas (LNG) project in a timely manner under its long-term Sale and Purchase Agreement (SPA) with Portugal’s Galp Trading S.A.
The partial final award was communicated on 7 October 2026, as confirmed in Venture Global’s regulatory disclosure filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
LEGAL INSIGHT 008 | 08 OCTOBER 2026
MOLDOVA PREVAILS IN ENERGY CHARTER TREATY ARBITRATION:
THE LINE BETWEEN INVESTOR PROTECTION AND STATE REGULATION
RTI Rotalin Gas Trading AG and Rotalin Gaz Trading S.R.L. v. Republic of Moldova
ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/22/4
The Republic of Moldova has prevailed in an international investment arbitration brought by RTI Rotalin Gas Trading AG, a Liechtenstein investor, and its Moldovan subsidiary, Rotalin Gaz Trading S.R.L., in a dispute arising from Moldova’s regulation of its natural gas market.
The proceedings were administered by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) under the ICSID Additional Facility Arbitration Rules, with the investors invoking protections under the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT).
The tribunal rendered its award on 2 October 2026, bringing proceedings registered with ICSID in August 2022 to a conclusion.
LEGAL INSIGHT 007 | 07 OCTOBER 2026
PrivatBank and Kolomoisky Win Investment Arbitration Awards Against Russia Over Crimea Expropriation
Two final investment arbitration awards against the Russian Federation have brought renewed focus to the protection of foreign investments during territorial and political upheaval, the application of bilateral investment treaties, and the challenges of enforcing arbitral awards against sovereign States.
On 1 October 2026, arbitral tribunals in JSC CB PrivatBank v. The Russian Federation and Aeroport Belbek LLC and Mr. Igor Valerievich Kolomoisky v. The Russian Federation issued final awards concerning Ukrainian investments affected following Russia’s assumption of control over Crimea.
The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), which provided administrative support in both proceedings, announced the final awards on 6 October 2026. Both cases were investment arbitrations conducted under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 1976 pursuant to the 1998 Russia-Ukraine Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT).
LEGAL INSIGHT 002 | 02 OCTOBER 2026
U.S. Court Enforces Three ICSID Awards Against Spain: A Major Development in International Arbitration and Award Enforcement
Three investment arbitration awards worth approximately €95 million plus interest move toward enforcement in the United States, reinforcing the strength of the ICSID enforcement framework and highlighting the growing importance of cross-border award enforcement strategy.
International arbitration does not necessarily end when the tribunal delivers its award.
For businesses and investors involved in cross-border disputes, the real commercial question is often what happens next: Can the award actually be enforced—and can the successful party ultimately recover?
A significant decision from the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia has once again brought this issue into focus.
LEGAL INSIGHT 001 | 01 OCTOBER 2026
Can Local Laws Create Liability for Global Environmental Harm? U.S. Supreme Court to Examine the Limits of Climate Litigation
Climate change is no longer only a question of environmental regulation.
It is increasingly becoming a question of corporate liability.
On 5 October 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court is scheduled to hear Suncor Energy (U.S.A.) Inc. v. County Commissioners of Boulder County, a closely watched dispute concerning whether companies can face claims under state law for alleged harm connected with greenhouse-gas emissions that are inherently interstate and international.
The importance of the case extends well beyond two energy companies.
Nearly 60 state and local governments in the United States have brought similar climate-related lawsuits, according to submissions referenced by Reuters. The Supreme Court’s treatment of the Boulder dispute could therefore significantly influence whether this developing category of climate litigation continues through state courts.
LEGAL INSIGHT 006 | 06 OCTOBER 2026
Hyundai Unit Files ICC Claim Over Landmark Qatari Development
A major international construction dispute has emerged from Qatar, with a Hyundai group construction entity reportedly commencing ICC arbitration in relation to works connected with a landmark development.
At first glance, the dispute may appear to be another high-value disagreement arising from a large infrastructure project. Legally, however, it reflects a much wider issue that regularly surfaces in international construction arbitration: when several contractual obligations, technical responsibilities, payment mechanisms and project delays intersect, liability is rarely determined by one document or one event alone.
Large construction projects typically operate through multiple contractual layers. The employer, main contractor, subcontractors, specialist contractors, consultants and suppliers may all perform interconnected roles. Once delay, additional work, non-payment, variation or disruption arises, the dispute can quickly move beyond a simple question of who failed to perform.
The tribunal may instead be required to examine how responsibility was allocated under the contract, how the project was actually administered, whether variation instructions were properly issued, whether notices were given within time and whether the alleged breach genuinely caused the loss being claimed.
LEGAL INSIGHT NO. 012 25 September 2026
Mikhail Maratovich Fridman v. Kingdom of the Netherlands
PCA Case No. 2026-30 | Investment Arbitration
International sanctions are generally discussed as instruments of foreign policy and national security. But what happens when sanctions imposed upon an individual effectively prevent that person from controlling, using or obtaining economic benefit from investments situated in another State?
Can an asset freeze become an expropriation for the purposes of an investment treaty? Can sanctions allegedly impairing an investment constitute a denial of fair and equitable treatment? Can an investor use a treaty’s Most-Favoured-Nation clause to obtain access to a broader international arbitration mechanism contained in another treaty? And, perhaps most unusually, can sanctions themselves affect where an international arbitration should legally be seated?
India–Morocco Trade Relations:
Why Morocco’s strategic location, industrial ecosystem and expanding economic partnership with India could create new opportunities for trade, investment and cross-border business
India and Morocco are quietly building one of India’s more interesting commercial relationships in North Africa.
At the 7th Session of the India–Morocco Joint Commission held in August 2026, the two countries agreed to work towards doubling bilateral trade over the next five years. With bilateral trade presently around US$4 billion, the ambition could take India–Morocco commerce towards approximately US$8 billion.
WHEN AN OPT-OUT FROM ADJUDICATION STILL LEADS TO COMPULSORY CONCILIATION
Cambodia-Thailand and the Gulf of Thailand: Understanding Article 298 of UNCLOS
International dispute settlement is built fundamentally upon State consent. A State is ordinarily not subjected to the jurisdiction of an international court or tribunal unless it has accepted that jurisdiction, whether by treaty, declaration or specific agreement. The ongoing maritime dispute between Cambodia and Thailand, however, presents an important illustration of how that consent can operate in a more sophisticated manner under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (“UNCLOS”).
For years, Cambodia and Thailand have faced unresolved questions concerning their maritime boundary in the Gulf of Thailand. Bilateral negotiations did not produce a final delimitation agreement. The dispute acquired a new legal dimension in 2026 when Cambodia turned to the dispute-settlement machinery contained in UNCLOS.
On 2 June 2026, Cambodia served a Notification Instituting Conciliation against Thailand. Cambodia invoked Article 298(1)(a)(i) of UNCLOS, read with Article 11 of Annex V to UNCLOS, in relation to a dispute concerning Articles 15, 74 and 83 of UNCLOS. The legal basis chosen by Cambodia is what makes the proceeding particularly significant.
U.S. Appeals Court Rejects Rapid Third-Country Deportation Policy: Due Process Before Removal
A government may possess the legal authority to remove a non-citizen, but that authority does not necessarily permit removal to any country without notice, examination of the risks involved, or an opportunity to be heard.
This distinction lies at the heart of the decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in D.V.D. v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. On 18 September 2026, the appellate court largely upheld a lower-court judgment that had declared unlawful a policy allowing the rapid removal of individuals to third countries without providing them a meaningful opportunity to raise country-specific fears of persecution or torture.
U.S.–Canada Trade Dispute: When a Tariff Becomes an Import Ban Legal Insight No. 005 | 18 September 2026 Jurist Jurist International
The latest escalation in the trade dispute between the United States and Canada is significant for a reason that extends well beyond the tariff rates appearing in news headlines. The dispute has entered a stage where the United States is no longer relying only upon additional customs duties to answer what it considers discriminatory Canadian trade practices. It has invoked a rarely tested provision of American trade law to exclude specified Canadian products from importation altogether.
That distinction is commercially decisive. A tariff increases the price of accessing a market and may, at least in theory, be absorbed, shared, passed on to customers or addressed through contractual renegotiation. An import prohibition is fundamentally different. It may close the market to the affected product, interrupt an existing supply chain and make performance of a concluded contract legally impossible.
When an Arbitral Award Meets Public Policy
In K v JX [2026] HKCFI 2854, the Hong Kong Court refused enforcement of a Mainland arbitral award arising from a settlement signed without corporate authority. The case examines apparent authority, post-award evidence and the narrow public policy exception.
An arbitral tribunal had ordered a company to withdraw substantial Hong Kong court claims under a settlement agreement. The tribunal accepted that the person who signed for the company had apparent authority, and the award creditor obtained permission to enforce the award in Hong Kong.
Can Arbitration End a Claim Early?
A full hearing is not necessary in every arbitration. Where a decisive point of law or fact can be resolved early, an arbitral tribunal may be able to dispose of a claim before the parties incur the time and expense of a complete merits hearing. The question is whether that speed comes with a fair opportunity for both sides to present their case.
The Hong Kong Court of First Instance addressed that question in A v B1 and B2 [2026] HKCFI 2444. It refused to set aside an award that dismissed the claimant’s entire case under the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) Early Determination Procedure. It also upheld the tribunal’s subsequent Costs Award.
International Law and Indian Court Jurisdiction: Enforcing Foreign Judgments and Protecting Cross-Border Legal Rights
In today’s interconnected business environment, a dispute rarely ends where it begins.
A company based in one country may enter into a commercial arrangement with a business partner located thousands of kilometres away. Payments may move through international banking channels, contracts may be governed by foreign laws, arbitration clauses may provide for dispute resolution in another jurisdiction, and valuable assets may be located in multiple countries.
For a party that succeeds before a foreign court or international tribunal, obtaining a favourable judgment often feels like the conclusion of a long legal battle.
White Collar Crime Lawyer India: Understanding Economic Offence Investigations, Corporate Fraud Risks and Defence Strategies
When a Business Decision Becomes a Criminal Investigation
For a business owner, promoter, director or senior executive, receiving a notice from an investigation agency is often a moment of serious concern. A transaction that was entered into years ago, a business relationship that failed, a loan that could not be repaid, or a commercial disagreement with a partner may suddenly become the subject of allegations involving fraud, cheating, breach of trust or financial misconduct.
At this stage, the first question usually comes to mind: “Was this really a crime, or was it only a business failure?”
Unregistered Yet Enforceable: Supreme Court Validates Agreement to Sell in Specific Performance Litigation
In a landmark pronouncement, the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India has reaffirmed the legal permissibility of relying upon an unregistered agreement to sell as admissible evidence in a suit for specific performance. The judgment, delivered in the matter titled Muruganandam vs. Muniyandi (Died) Through LRs, carries significant implications for the jurisprudence surrounding the interplay between evidentiary rules and statutory formalities under the Registration Act, 1908 and the Indian Contract Act, 1872.
The Revolution of AI in Healthcare: A Global Perspective
Introduction
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the healthcare industry at a global level, significantly enhancing medical research, diagnostics, drug discovery, patient care, and operational efficiencies. AI-driven innovations are transforming the way diseases are detected, diagnosed, and treated, leading to faster, more accurate, and cost-effective healthcare solutions.
AI in Medical Research: Transforming Healthcare Innovation
The integration of AI in medical research is accelerating drug development, disease modeling, and personalized medicine. AI-powered platforms are helping researchers analyze vast datasets, predict drug efficacy, and identify potential side effects before clinical trials.
Understanding Borrowers’ Rights: Legal Safeguards for MSMEs Against Arbitrary Banking Actions
Introduction
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) serve as the backbone of India’s economy, contributing significantly to employment and industrial output. Despite their importance, many MSMEs struggle with arbitrary actions by banks, particularly in times of financial distress. Unilateral classification as Non-Performing Assets (NPAs), coercive loan recovery measures, and forced liquidation without exploring revival options are common issues faced by small businesses.
THE BUNKERS CONVENTION: A DEFINING LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR MARITIME ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTABILITY
Introduction: Navigating Liability in Maritime Oil Pollution
Maritime trade is the backbone of the global economy, but it also presents significant environmental risks, particularly from bunker oil spills—one of the leading causes of marine pollution. Recognising the need for a structured liability framework, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) adopted the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 (commonly known as the “Bunkers Convention”).
This treaty, which came into force in 2008, ensures that shipowners are strictly liable for bunker oil pollution damage and mandates compulsory insurance to compensate victims. Over the years, the Convention has played a critical role in global maritime law, ensuring environmental protection, financial accountability, and legal certainty in oil spill incidents.
Third-Party Funding in International Arbitration: A Game-Changer for Indian Businesses
Introduction: Unlocking New Avenues for Indian Businesses in Arbitration
International arbitration has long been the preferred mechanism for resolving cross-border commercial disputes. However, the prohibitive costs of legal representation, tribunal fees, and expert witnesses often deter companies—particularly in emerging economies like India—from pursuing legitimate claims.
Enter Third-Party Funding (TPF): a revolutionary financial model that enables businesses to seek arbitration without depleting their capital. By allowing external funders to cover legal expenses in exchange for a portion of the awarded damages, TPF is redefining access to justice, leveling the playing field for Indian enterprises in global dispute resolution.
Supreme Court’s Landmark Judgments Reshaping NCLT & NCLAT: A New Era for Insolvency Resolution in India
In recent times, the Supreme Court of India has delivered a series of landmark judgments that have significantly impacted the functioning of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) and National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT). These rulings have provided much-needed clarity on the authority of the Committee of Creditors (CoC), the scope of judicial review in insolvency resolution plans, and the importance of timely insolvency resolutions.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MODELS ACROSS MAJOR ECONOMIES
Corporate governance is the framework that defines the structure and operation of corporations, delineating the relationship among the company’s management, its board of directors, shareholders, and other stakeholders. The principles of corporate governance play a crucial role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and fairness within the business environment. These principles vary significantly across different economies, shaped by distinct legal traditions, cultural norms, and economic conditions. This article presents a comparative analysis of corporate governance models across major economies, focusing on the Anglo-American model, the German model, the Japanese model, and the hybrid model emerging in various developing economies.
INDIA ON INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING PRIVACY?
India, like many other countries, is concerned about the threat of international shipping piracy and has taken steps to combat this problem.
Commendable Efforts of Indian Navy:
The Indian Navy has played an active role in anti-piracy efforts in the Gulf of Aden and off the coast of Somalia. Indian warships have been deployed to escort Indian and foreign merchant vessels through high-risk areas and have also conducted patrols to deter piracy attacks.
WHARVES, QUAYS, AND JETTIES
Wharves, Quays, and Jetties are all structures that are built along the shoreline to facilitate the loading and unloading of ships and boats.
A wharf is a man-made structure that is built along the water’s edge and is used for loading and unloading cargo. Wharves are usually made of wood or concrete and are often quite large. They can be found in both commercial and industrial areas, and they are typically used by large ships and cargo vessels.
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE (BUNKERS CONVENTION):
The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, also known as the Bunkers Convention, is an international treaty adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2001. The Bunkers Convention is designed to ensure that shipowners are financially responsible for any damage caused by oil spills from their vessels.
INDIAN TAXATION ON WHARFAGE CHARGES
In India, wharfage charges are subject to taxation under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime. GST is a comprehensive indirect tax that is levied on the supply of goods and services in India.
Under GST, wharfage charges are treated as “supply of service” and are subject to tax at the applicable rate. The rate of GST on wharfage charges depends on the type of cargo being handled and the location of the wharf or dock.
WHAT IS WHARFAGE CHARGES?
Wharfage charges are fees charged by a port authority for the use of the port’s facilities for loading, unloading, and handling of goods. These charges are levied on cargo owners, shipping companies, or other users of the port facilities.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAWS
International trade laws refer to the set of rules and regulations that govern trade relations between countries. These laws are designed to promote fair and free trade, protect intellectual property, and ensure that trade benefits all parties involved.
NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was a trilateral trade agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States in 1994. The agreement eliminated tariffs and other trade barriers between the three countries, promoting free trade and economic integration. Here are some key features of NAFTA:
THE UNITED STATES- MAXICO-CANADA AGREEMENT (USMCA)
The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) was signed by the leaders of the three countries in November 2018.
The USMCA is an updated version of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which had been in place since 1994.
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION FROM SHIPS (MARPOL)
The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) is a convention developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to prevent pollution from ships. The convention was first adopted in 1973 and has been amended several times since then.
MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COMMITTEE (MEPC)
The Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) is a subsidiary body of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) responsible for the regulation of marine pollution from ships. It was established in 1973 and meets twice a year to develop and adopt regulations and guidelines related to the prevention of pollution from ships.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY (GEF)
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is a multilateral financial mechanism established in 1991 to support global environmental projects. It operates as a partnership of 184 countries, international organizations, and civil society organizations.
The GloBallast Partnerships Project (2007-2017)
The GloBallast Partnerships Project was a global initiative launched in 2007 by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in collaboration with the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and a range of other international partners. The project aimed to address the problem of invasive aquatic species introduced through the discharge of ballast water from ships.
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO)
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is responsible for promoting the safety, security, and environmental performance of international shipping. The IMO was established in 1948 and is headquartered in London, UK.
INDIAN GOVERNMENT’S LATEST POLICY FOR FOREIGN COMPANIES
The Indian government has been taking various policy measures to attract foreign investment and improve the ease of doing business in India. Here are some of the latest policies for foreign investment players in India:
- Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme:
The Indian government has launched the PLI scheme to encourage domestic manufacturing and attract foreign investment in key sectors such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, and textiles.
BENEFITS TO FOREIGN COMPANIES IN INDIA
There are several benefits for foreign companies operating in India, including:
- Large and growing consumer market: India has a large and growing consumer market, with a population of over 1.3 billion people. This presents significant opportunities for foreign companies looking to expand their customer base and increase their revenue.
DUE DILIGENCE BY FOREIGN COMPANIES OR CORPORATES FOR THEIR INVESTMENTS IN INDIA
Pre & post investment
Foreign companies can build their confidence in the Indian economy by taking the following steps:
- Conduct market research: Before entering the Indian market, foreign companies should conduct thorough market research to understand the local business environment, consumer behavior, and regulatory landscape. This will help them to identify potential opportunities and challenges and develop a successful market entry strategy.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE AND ITS LANDMARK CASES
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN), and it settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by UN organs and specialized agencies.
SECURITIES LAWS IN INDIA
Securities laws in India are primarily governed by the “Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act, 1992”, which established the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) as the regulatory body for the securities market in India.
SEBI is responsible for regulating and overseeing various aspects of the securities market, including issuing regulations and guidelines, registering and regulating market intermediaries, and enforcing securities laws and regulations.
THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India, which outlines the framework for the government of India, fundamental rights, and duties of the citizens, and the powers and functions of the various branches of the government. The Constitution of India was adopted on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950, replacing the Government of India Act, 1935.
CYBERSTALKING:
Stalking is the act of following a particular person for a long time. Usually, a stalker follows the following person everywhere and also threatened by repeatedly calling or sending messages. In cyberstalking, the stalking is done by using the internet or electronic media which involves sending emails and SMSs to that person or victim…..
WANT TO GET YOUR LOGO REGISTERED? HERE’S 5 SIMPLE STEPS TO DO SO:
A logo or trademark is an emblem, a visible mark or symbol used to aid and promote identification and recognition by the public at large. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name it represents as in a word mark.
A new business/startup gets its name and acclaim through its extraordinary, unique logo design and trademark…..
WHAT IS PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION & HOW DOES IT WORK IN INDIA ?
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) implies a legal action initiated in a court of law for the enforcement of public or general interest in which the public or general class of the community have some pecuniary or other interest by which their legal rights or liabilities are affected. An individual or group of people can directly file a Public Interest Litigation in the Supreme Court of India……
PAPER ON ESG
ESG stands for environmental, social and governance. ESG data reflect the negative externalities
caused by an organization with respect to the environment, to society and to corporate governance. These are non-financial factors investors use to measure an investment or companys sustainability. Environmental factors look at the conservation of the natural world, social factors examine how a company treats people both inside and outside the company and governance factors consider how a company is run…..
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